Engineering advances in tubular photobioreactors for microalgae cultivation: Design, scale-up, optimization, and operational challenges

Key Points

• Tubular photobioreactors improve microalgae cultivation efficiency, addressing key operational challenges like light distribution and nutrient supply.
• Efficiency can increase by optimizing reactor design parameters, enhancing biomass yield and overall productivity.
• Assessment focuses on scale-up processes for tubular systems, detailing methods for industrial applications and sustainability.
• Suggestions highlight the importance of addressing operational challenges in design to ensure long-term viability in microalgae cultivation.