Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all ,remains a global priority, particularly in rural regions where access to reliable water supply is still a major challenge. In Tanzania, despite concerted efforts, many rural communities continue to face water scarcity and infrastructure sustainability issues, making community engagement a critical determinant of project success. This study investigates the relationship between community engagement and the sustainability of the Mlingotini Village Water Supply Project in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Using a mixed-methods approach combining household surveys (n=217), key informant interviews (n=18), focus group discussions, and technical assessments conducted between 2022 and 2024, the research evaluated how various dimensions of community participation influenced project outcomes and long-term sustainability. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation between community engagement levels and sustainability indicators, with communities demonstrating high participation in decision-making processes showing 73% greater system functionality after two years compared to those with minimal involvement. The study identified five critical engagement factors that substantially enhanced sustainability: participatory planning (r=0.78), transparent financial management (r=0.81), inclusive governance structures (r=0.69), equitable water committee representation (particularly gender balance), and community-led monitoring systems. Notably, villages that established community-managed maintenance funds experienced 64% fewer service interruptions and reduced repair response times by 79%. However, challenges persist in technical capacity development and balancing traditional leadership structures with inclusive governance models. The research contributes valuable insights for water sector stakeholders in Tanzania and similar contexts, providing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening community engagement approaches in rural water supply initiatives to enhance long-term sustainability. Keywords: Community engagement, water supply sustainability, rural development, participatory governance, Tanzania DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-5-21 Publication date: May 30th 2025
Catherine J. Salim (Wed,) studied this question.