Fate evaluation of antibiotics and metabolites in an advanced biological wastewater treatment plant in the wastewater-sewage sludge-side-stream continuum: A holistic approach

Key Points

• Antibiotic and metabolite concentrations were significantly reduced during the treatment process, indicating effective removal.
• Measured reductions showed an average decline of around 80% for selected antibiotics through the treatment cycle.
• Analysis of wastewater treatment processes utilized samples from both wastewater and sewage sludge to trace contaminant reduction.
• Findings emphasize the need for holistic approaches in wastewater management to address antibiotic resistance.