Toxicological effects of PM2.5-derived and PM2.5-relevant mixture of chlorinated paraffins on A549/THP-1 co-culture cells

Key Points

• Toxicological effects were observed in co-cultured A549/THP-1 cells, indicating potential hazards from PM2.5
• Specific PM2.5-derived chlorinated paraffins showed notable toxicity at measured concentrations.
• Co-culture assessments provided insights into cellular responses to environmental pollutants and their mixtures.
• Findings suggest that PM2.5 exposure may compromise cellular integrity and function, emphasizing the need for further studies.