Space exploration has witnessed accelerated progress over the past twentyfive years, leading to scientific and technological breakthroughs that have reshaped humanity’s understanding of the universe beyond Earth. What began with basic satellite deployments has evolved into complex interplanetary missions supported by both national space agencies and private enterprises. This study analyses a comprehensive dataset of global space missions conducted between 2000 and 2025, including launch dates, participating nations, mission categories, objectives, launch vehicles, and mission outcomes. Using data mining and knowledge discovery techniques, the research identifies recurring patterns in mission frequency, geographic distribution, technological advancement, and international collaboration. Temporal analysis reveals shifts in satellite strategies, scientific priorities, and human spaceflight trends, while clustering methods highlight groups of countries with similar mission profiles. The study further examines the relationship between mission complexity and success rates, the growing adoption of reusable launch systems, and the expanding role of commercial organizations. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, space agencies, and researchers, supporting strategic planning and future mission development. Overall, the research demonstrates how data-driven methods enhance the understanding of global space exploration trends and emphasize the dynamic, collaborative nature of space activities between 2000 and 2025.
Dharshini M (Wed,) studied this question.