The gut–brain axis in arsenic-induced toxicity: mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic perspectives

Key Points

• Arsenic toxicity impacts the gut-brain axis, leading to significant neuroinflammation.
• A key marker of toxicity is elevated levels of neuroinflammation observed in various models.
• Assessment using biomarkers and therapeutic interventions reveals pathways of arsenic's effects on brain function.
• Therapeutic strategies may enhance gut-brain signaling, suggesting potential for neuroprotective treatment.