Gradient cold expansion fatigue behaviors of titanium open hole structures under large expansion size

Key Points

• Fatigue behaviors were significantly affected by the gradient cold expansion size, influencing structural integrity.
• The study revealed that stress concentration factors played a crucial role in determining the fatigue life of titanium structures.
• Assessment using thermal expansion and mechanical tests demonstrated the fatigue performance under various conditions.
• The findings suggest that optimizing cold expansion techniques may enhance the durability of titanium components.