• Genotype T had the highest nut yield (3.44 kg/plant) and is a promising cultivar. • Genotype E showed a biannual flowering pattern (two flowering seasons in one year). • Genotype O exhibited high fruit sugar (10.9 %). • Genotype R exhibited high kernel zinc (67 mg/kg). This study evaluated twenty boldnut cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) genotypes for growth, yield, and nut quality attributes to identify superior cultivars. The field experiment was conducted during 2022–2023 at the Cashew Research Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, in a randomized block design with two replications, using four trees per genotype at 6 m × 6 m spacing under standard management practices. Boldnut types (nut weight ≥7.0 g) were specifically chosen for their premium-grade status and export value, as larger nuts are highly valued in international markets but have not been systematically evaluated under Odisha’s conditions . Significant variation was observed in vegetative growth, flowering phenology, yield and quality parameters. Genotype K exhibited the greatest vigor (4.87 m height, 41.37 cm trunk girth), while B had the widest canopy spread (5.43 m East–West, 5.77 m North–South). Flowering ranged from early (November–December) to late (January–February), forming distinct phenological groups. For yield traits, T produced the heaviest nuts (14.98 g) and M the largest cashew apples (277.7 g). Genotype T outperformed all others, recording the highest nut yield (3.44 kg/plant) as well as maximum apple moisture (88.27 %), heaviest nuts and kernel sugar content (0.221 g/100 g). Nutritionally, I had the highest carbohydrate (39.14 g/100 g) and protein (21.92 g/100 g), R the highest zinc (67.3 mg/kg), D the highest calcium (19.35 mg/100 g), and G the highest magnesium (211.39 mg/100 g). Overall, this first systematic evaluation of boldnut cashew genotypes in Odisha has identified elite lines combining yield and quality. Genotype T, the highest yielder, emerges as the prime candidate for future breeding and cultivar release programs. Adoption of such genotypes can enhance farmer income, provide nutrient-dense kernels, and strengthen India’s cashew export potential.
Jena et al. (Sun,) studied this question.