Multidimensional Determinants of Telomere Length in Young Male Athletes

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the differences in telomere length according to sport type, physical activity level, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness among young adult male athletes and physical education majors, and to identify physiological factors that influence telomere length.METHODS: A total of 105 participants, including collegiate athletes and physically active students in their 20s, were recruited. Telomere length was measured using quantitative PCR. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and expressed as weekly energy expenditure (kcal/week). Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody 770) and VO2max test via the Bruce protocol. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Games-Howell post hoc test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis.RESULTS: Significant differences were found among sport types in height, muscle mass, and telomere length. Differences in moderate-and low-intensity physical activity were also observed between groups. Telomere length showed a significant positive correlation with muscle mass (r=0.470, pp=.008), and both variables were identified as significant predictors in the regression model. However, no statistically significant differences in telomere length were found across physical activity quartiles.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that muscle mass and cardiorespiratory fitness are key physiological factors associated with telomere length in young adults. While an adequate level of physical activity may contribute to telomere maintenance, excessive exercise may have adverse effects. Further research is needed to explore telomere length as a potential biomarker for health monitoring in athletic populations.