Abstract Introduction Landslide studies are much more recent than those of many other academic fields such as hydraulics and structures which, since ancient times, have been committed to building works still admired today and, for centuries, to formalizing the theoretical aspects of the discipline. However, the delay in starting research and the additional challenges posed by the landslide studies, which are multidisciplinary in principle, have not prevented a growth in knowledge comparable to that of the academic sectors mentioned above. Materials and Methods Considering the holistic approach worthy of attention, the article proposes methods and procedures that follow two distinct paths, respectively defined as vertical and horizontal path, both aimed at advancing landslide research and improving the management of territories affected by this hazard. The first one connects, through a deep synergy between experts from different sectors, the geological structure of a territory with its existing/potential landslides, across different topographic scales and disciplinary sectors. The second one implements an innovative approach to investigate the common kinematic characteristics of landslides in their current spatio-temporal condition. Conclusion The proposed integrated approaches enhance landslide hazard assessment and risk management, supporting more reliable zoning, prediction, and mitigation strategies in landslide-prone areas.
Leonardo Cascini (Mon,) studied this question.