• Enriched infrastructure BIM model integration with GPR- and MR-derived data. • Development of an immersive mixed reality tool for bridge asset management that captures hidden reinforcements and visible structural pathologies. • Real-time MR visualization with high accuracy geospatial data. The adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has grown significantly, transforming design, construction, and operational workflows through enhanced data transparency, long-term accessibility, and multidisciplinary collaboration. This study presents new methodology to enrich BIM model of a pedestrian bridge by integrating Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Mixed Reality (MR) data. Subsurface reinforcements and visible defects were precisely mapped, providing an integrating representation of both hidden and exposed structural elements. Subsequent real-time MR visualization enables interactive inspection and alignment of digital datasets with real-world counterparts. The integration of MR within BIM workflows enhances spatial understanding, contextual analysis, and in-field validation. This MR-BIM fusion provides a robust, immersive tool for bridge inspection, maintenance, and asset management, advancing data-driven, interactive construction practices.
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Sofía Calvar
Jesús Balado
Daniel Salgado-Fernández
Expert Systems with Applications
Universidade de Vigo
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Calvar et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69a91cbed6127c7a504bfbb7 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131934