In this cohort study of preschoolers in Canada, higher UPF intake was associated with adverse behavioral and emotional symptoms by age 5 years. These findings suggest that replacing UPF with MPF during the preschool years may support healthier behavioral development, with potential benefits for long-term mental health. These findings also support ongoing policy actions that promote MPF and underscore the need for early-life dietary interventions.
Kavanagh et al. (Tue,) studied this question.