Performance Analysis of Graphene-Modified Water-Based Metal Cutting Fluid

Water-based cutting fluids, which are recognized for their environmental compatibility and exceptional cooling effects, are pivotal in machining processes. However, traditional lubricating additives often compromise the biostability of fluids, prompting the search for novel additives that ensure both lubrication and antibacterial properties. In this study, we assessed the potential of graphene as a lubricating additive for water-based cutting fluids. By employing physical dispersion and noncovalent surface modification, we developed a range of cutting fluids with varying graphene contents, which were then evaluated in terms of their lubrication and wear resistance capabilities through tribological experiments. Additionally, we investigated the effects of these fluids on the cutting force, temperature, chip formation, and workpiece surface quality during aluminum alloy machining. The antibacterial performance of graphene in the fluids was also examined. We found that the inclusion of graphene markedly improves lubrication, reduces cutting temperatures and forces, minimizes tool wear, and enhances surface quality. Furthermore, graphene-enriched cutting fluids exhibit exceptional antibacterial properties, which significantly reduces the growth of bacterial populations. This is because the sharp edges of graphene in combination with its surface carbon radicals inflict damage on bacterial cell membranes. The addition of graphene not only boosts the viscosity of fluids, facilitating the formation of a protective boundary film on tool and workpiece surfaces, but also contributes to reduced tool wear and smoother workpiece surfaces. By introducing graphene as a lubricant additive into water-based cutting fluids, it is possible not only to enhance fluid machining performance but also to extend the lifespan of tools, highlighting a synergistic approach that combines improved lubrication with essential antibacterial action.