Shifts in soil properties and pedon development under long‐term exclosure: The case of Botanical and Ecotourism Garden, Dilla University, Ethiopia

Abstract This study assessed changes in soil properties and pedon layers as a result of long‐term ecosystem exclosure at the Botanical and Ecotourism Garden (BEG) of Dilla University, South Ethiopia. The site holds significant geographical, archaeological, and ecological value, hosting over 408 plant species. Long‐term exclosure is a common land management practice mainly used for biodiversity conservation. However, its effects on soil properties and pedon development vary based on land topography and land use type. The study aimed to examine how long‐term ecosystem exclosure influences soil morphological, physical, and chemical properties across varying topographic positions, providing insights for sustainable land management. Field surveys and laboratory analyses were conducted on eight soil profiles (pedons) representing upper, middle, and lower slope positions. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, bulk density, pH, organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable bases following standard methods. Key findings revealed variations in soil properties with topography: upper slopes had deeper, clay‐rich soils (Vertisols and Nitisols) with higher OC (1.2%–3.5%) and CEC (18–33 cmol kg −1 ), while middle slopes had shallow, gravelly Leptosols. Lower slopes featured sandy Fluvisols with alluvial deposits. Soil pH was slightly acidic (5.9–6.7), and available P was low (5.5–11.8 mg kg −1 ), indicating potential nutrient limitations. The study concludes that soil properties in the BEG are highly influenced by topography and land use, necessitating site‐specific conservation and fertility management to sustain its ecological and agricultural value.