ABSTRACT The increased penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the power system has introduced numerous challenges for grid operators. These challenges are primarily due to highly variable and intermittent production from RES, which depends on weather conditions. This variability in production causes instability and grid reliability issues, affecting overall performances of the grid. One of the most effective mechanisms to address these challenges involves the deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). Their advantages such as fast response, scalability, and geographical independence, make them suitable for supporting RES integration and providing various grid services. Optimal placement, sizing and scheduling control of BESS is an important aspect of their integration into power grids. An optimally planned BESS can improve performances of the grid, and increase its profitability. However, it is a very complex, nonlinear dynamic optimization problem with a large number of constraints, which requires robust optimization techniques to solve efficiently. This paper provides a comprehensive review of optimization methods for optimal planning, that is determining the optimal locations and sizes of BESS in an electric power system. Optimization techniques are classified into four groups, namely conventional, metaheuristic, hybrid and artificial intelligence‐based. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, which are highlighted in the paper. Overall, this review provides insights and guidelines that may be useful for selecting an appropriate optimization method for a specific BESS planning problem or for developing a more efficient and robust optimization approach for optimal integration of BESS into modern power grids.
Živić et al. (Fri,) studied this question.