ABSTRACT In this study, we introduce a mathematical ecology model that describes the interactions among forest biomass, the human population, various development activities, and seedlings. The study applies modified Leslie‐Gower and Holling type II functional responses to capture these interactions. Quantitative analyses, such as the existence and stability of potential equilibrium points, are examined. These points represent the different dynamics that may occur within the model. The persistence of the system is established, indicating that the ecosystem can sustain itself over time despite interactions such as competition or disturbances. The presence of a Hopf bifurcation near an equilibrium point is also confirmed. Data for this study were collected from two forest areas in Wonsho Woreda, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The data were fitted to the model, and the parameters were estimated using the least squares method. Based on the estimated parameters, the results were validated through numerical simulations performed using the MATLAB ODE solver ode45. The findings show that forest biomass declines as the human population increases and as development activities expand. Conversely, increasing seedling application and promoting alternative resources lead to a higher equilibrium level of forest resources.
Donka et al. (Sun,) studied this question.