Oreochromis hunteri Günther, 1889, commonly known as Lake Chala tilapia, is an endemic cichlid restricted to the small crater lake, Lake Chala, on the border of Kenya and Tanzania. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the taxonomy, and phylogenetic placement, distribution and ecology, and biology including nutritional composition, and conservation status of O. hunteri and identifies knowledge gaps to assess its potential for aquaculture development. The knowledge gaps include its reproductive biology, population structure, and adaptive capacity to environmental and climatic variability. As the type species of the genus Oreochromis , O. hunteri is a unique, genetically isolated lineage within a species flock of the upper Pangani basin. It exhibits typical tilapiine traits, such as maternal mouthbrooding and omnivorous feeding, and occupies a unique ecological niche in deep, clear waters of Lake Chala. The species is listed as critically endangered (CR) in the IUCN Red List due to its single‐lake range, habitat degradation, and competition from introduced tilapias. Preliminary data suggest O. hunteri is a protein‐rich, low‐fat food fish comparable to other tilapias; however, detailed nutritional profiles remain scant. Although its aquaculture potential has not been explored, recent surveys indicate Lake Chala’s pristine conditions could support conservation‐oriented aquaculture to bolster wild stocks and local livelihoods. We recommend coordinated transboundary conservation actions, including controlling invasive species, restoration of lake catchment vegetation, and actively engaging local communities to protect O. hunteri . Aligning these initiatives with the Sustainable Development Goals on biodiversity conservation and food security will promote a balanced approach that integrates conservation and sustainable use.
Munguti et al. (Thu,) studied this question.