ABSTRACT Plant‐derived extracts represent valuable sources of bioactive constituents with therapeutic relevance. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and biological properties of the aqueous extract of Sideritis stricta . Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined as 43.23 mg GAE/g and 18.47 mg RE/g, respectively. LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis revealed chlorogenic acid (1,165 µg/g) as the major phenolic compound. Antioxidant potential was assessed using phosphomolybdenum, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and metal‐chelation assays, yielding 860 mg TEs/g, 141 mg TEs/g, 79 mg TEs/g, and 8 mg EDTAE/g, respectively. Enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated strong activity against α‐glucosidase (475 mg ACEs/g) and α‐amylase (39.6 mg ACEs/g), moderate tyrosinase inhibition (32.9 mg KAEs/g), and low cholinesterase inhibition (AChE: 0.49 mg GALAEs/g; BChE: 1.08 mg GALAEs/g). Cytotoxicity testing against A549 lung cancer cells indicated an IC 50 of 52.1 µg/mL. Cytokine profiling revealed upregulated TNF‐α (15.2–28 ng/mL) and TGF‐β (10.7–40.3 pg/mL) levels alongside reduced IL‐1β (67.7–38.6 pg/mL) expression following treatment. Overall, the aqueous extract of S. stricta exhibits promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as notable cytotoxic effects. These results support its potential for further medicinal exploration, including isolation of bioactive constituents and in vivo validation.
Solmaz et al. (Fri,) studied this question.