What does this research mean for the field?

The green hybrid nanocomposite gel demonstrates enhanced ionic thermoelectric performance with a Seebeck coefficient of 4.00 mV K −1 and a power factor of 115.09 μW m −1 K −2, making it a promising material for low-grade heat energy harvesting. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to create a sustainable hybrid gel that enhances ionic thermoelectric performance and mechanical strength.

March 10, 2026Journal of Applied Polymer Science0 citations

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Green Hybrid Nanocomposite Gel of Cellulose Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes Impregnated With DES for Renewable Low‐Grade Heat Energy Harvesting

IHIra Kamilia Siti HuwaidahIndonesia University of Education IIndriyatiNational Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia IPIndah PrimadonaNational Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia

Key Points

The aim is to create a sustainable hybrid gel that enhances ionic thermoelectric performance and mechanical strength.
Prepared a hybrid gel using cellulose nanofibers and carbon nanotubes in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix.
Used tannic acid to strengthen interfaces and borax as a crosslinking agent.
Incorporated deep eutectic solvent to improve ionic mobility and thermoelectric properties.
Achieved a Seebeck coefficient of 4.00 mV K −1 and a power factor of 115.09 μW m −1 K −2.
Demonstrated an ionic conductivity of 10.35 mS cm −1.
Showed that ionic diffusion is the main transport mechanism enhancing thermoelectric response.

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this study, we aim to design a sustainable hybrid gel thermoelectric system with enhanced ionic thermoelectric performance and mechanical robustness. The hybrid gel was prepared by integrating cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, where tannic acid served as an interfacial strengthener and borax as a crosslinking agent. The incorporation of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) significantly enhances ionic mobility, yielding a Seebeck coefficient of 4.00 mV K −1 , a power factor of 115.09 μW m −1 K −2 , and an ionic conductivity of 10.35 mS cm −1 . Analytical results indicate that ionic diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism governing the improved thermoelectric response. Additionally, the CTC‐X gels retain stable mechanical integrity and display self‐healing behavior, contributing to multifunctional performance. Overall, this hybrid system demonstrates strong potential as an environmentally friendly thermoelectric material for efficient low‐grade heat harvesting.

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Cite This Study

Huwaidah et al. (Sat,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69af95c070916d39fea4da58 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/app.70650

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