• The study DC microgrid system includes multiple PMSG-WTs, droop-controlled dispatchable sources with DC-DC converters and BES units. • By using the common DC bus (CDB) voltage as an indicator index, a decentralized power management approach is proposed for the study DC MG system. • A unified P-V droop curve is defined for the whole study system, and then, the converters of different generation sources are controlled in the grid-forming mode as voltage controlled sources such that the defined droop curve is realized. • The study system based on the defined droop curve contains three regions: Power curtailment mode of PMSGs with battery charging, MPPT mode of PMSGs with battery charging, and MPPT mode of PMSGs with battery discharging. • Depending on the CDB voltage, the operating point is placed in one of the three regions of the defined droop curve, and thus, decentralized power management and state of charge control of BES units are realized without communication facility. This paper introduces a unified control approach along with a decentralized power management (PM) framework for a DC microgrid (MG) that includes multiple PMSG-based wind turbines (WTs), dispatchable sources (DSs) operating under droop control, and battery energy storage (BES) units. The method is built around a comprehensive P–V droop curve defined with respect to the common DC bus (CDB) voltage, which serves as a global coordination signal across the system. Every generating unit functions in a grid-forming configuration, serving as voltage sources while adhering to a shared droop curve. This approach ensures complete decentralization and coordination without relying on any communication channels. The proposed P–V droop curve is composed of three operating regions: (i) WT power-curtailment mode with BES charging, (ii) MPPT operation of WTs while the BES is charging, and (iii) MPPT operation of WTs when the BES is discharging. Depending on the CDB voltage, the microgrid’s operating point transitions among these regions, enabling decentralized PM and effective state-of-charge (SOC) regulation of the BES units without relying on communication infrastructure. The proposed unified CDB-based P–V droop strategy is validated through small-signal and time-domain simulations under dynamic conditions, demonstrating stable DC-bus voltage regulation and smooth transient behavior. Additionally, the framework ensures seamless transitions between operating regions, effective power sharing among heterogeneous sources, and coordinated State-of-Charge balancing across multiple battery energy storage units.
Ghadiriyan et al. (Sun,) studied this question.