Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging outcomes of transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric and neurological disorders: a systematic review

Key Points

• The aim is to address the current limitations in understanding the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with tDCS through MRI.
• Conducted a systematic review of existing trials on tDCS and MRI outcomes.
• Analyzed the heterogeneity in MRI methodologies used in tDCS studies.
• Identified key areas for standardization in MRI acquisition and analysis.
• Found significant variability in MRI protocols across tDCS studies.
• Highlighted that standardizing methods is crucial for reproducible outcomes.
• Pointed out that improving protocols can facilitate the establishment of reliable biomarkers.