The Arab Federation for Libraries and Information (AFLI) was founded in Tunisia in 1986 and is considered the leading Arab body representing the interests of the library profession and people who rely on libraries and information professionals. It facilitates capacity-building initiatives that enhance knowledge-sharing and collaboration among libraries and information professionals. AFLI is an independent, non-governmental, and not-for-profit organization. The Arab States Research and Education Network (ASREN) is dedicated to fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among research and educational institutions in the Arab region. Their work supports Open Science initiatives by providing the technological infrastructure necessary for researchers to share and access knowledge effectively.
Alharrasi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.