Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths every year, imposing a heavy burden on global public health systems and socioeconomic development. In China, mosquito-borne diseases exhibit a pattern of imported cases leading to localized transmission, and in recent years, periodic outbreaks of related diseases have continued to erupt, posing a serious threat to public health security. Additionally, due to global warming, the suitable living range for mosquitoes is continuously expanding, increasing the frequency of outbreaks and the affected areas. Although substantial global resources have been invested in prevention and control research, a definitive solution to completely eradicate mosquito-borne transmission has not yet been established. This review systematically summarizes the three principal mosquito control strategies-mechanical, biological, and chemical-with a particular emphasis on chemical repellents. It delineates the structure-activity relationships, efficacy profiles, mechanisms of action, and toxicological evaluation results of major synthetic repellents. It also elaborates on the active constituents and action mechanisms of plant-based natural repellents, exploring how emerging formulation technologies can enhance the stability and duration of repellents. Moreover, together with China's practical experience in mosquito-borne disease prevention and control, this review examines domestic research achievements and policy standards, ultimately constructing a theoretical framework to support the development of efficient, safe, and environmentally sustainable mosquito control solutions, thereby contributing to both national and global efforts in mosquito-borne disease prevention and control.
Shi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.