Silicon has traditionally received limited attention in poultry nutrition compared to macro and trace minerals, yet increasing evidence suggests it plays important physiological roles relevant to modern intensive production systems. This review compiles current knowledge on the presence, metabolism, and nutritional value of silicon in poultry, focusing on skeletal health, performance results, and egg quality. Silicon is common in plant and mineral feed ingredients but exists in various chemical forms that vary widely in solubility and biological availability. Although not traditionally considered essential, silicon appears to support collagen production, cartilage growth, and the mineralization of bone and connective tissue. Reported benefits of dietary supplementation include stronger tibias in broilers, improved bone stability in laying hens, and, in some cases, better eggshell quality and overall performance. Potential effects on gut health and immune function have also been suggested. However, results across studies are inconsistent. Variations likely stem from differences in silicon sources’ chemical structure, interactions with dietary calcium and phosphorus, environmental stressors, and the bird’s developmental stage. Bioavailable forms like orthosilicic acid seem more effective than less soluble silicates, but standardized methods for measuring availability are limited. Importantly, the gap between known requirements and typical dietary intake remains unclear, and silicon is not yet universally recognized as essential for poultry. Overall, silicon is a promising yet incompletely understood nutrient with practical potential to reduce skeletal issues, enhance longevity in layers, and improve welfare. Future research should focus on elucidating absorption pathways, establishing safe and effective supplementation levels, and exploring interactions with key minerals and gut health. A clearer understanding of silicon biology will help incorporate this overlooked element into evidence-based poultry nutrition strategies.
M. Naeem (Wed,) studied this question.