The low-altitude economy represents new quality productive forces and serves as a vital direction for future technological convergence and economic growth. The efficient information system and reliable safety control are prerequisites for its healthy and high-quality development，necessitating urgent innovations and breakthroughs in basic theories and core technologies. As an emerging network form characterized by multi-functional integration and multi-application coverage，the low-altitude networking system operates in the high-density and large-scale manner under complex environments，posing significant challenges to existing theories and techniques of the information system and safety control. With the expansion of application scenarios and electromagnetic spectrum usage，low-altitude networks are trending toward multi-source，multi-domain information fusion and dynamic operation. This paper systematically reviews frontier research and key technical progress in three major directions：space-air-ground integrated information networks，intelligent surveillance for low-altitude flight safety，and low-altitude airspace and aircraft control. It discusses critical challenges，specifically covering space-air-ground network collaborative design，low-altitude spectrum allocation and sharing，low-altitude multi-modal integrated sensing and communications，robust foundation models for cooperative surveillance of low-altitude targets，novel security systems for low-altitude intelligent networks，dynamic management and optimized resource allocation of low-altitude airspace，low-altitude multi-modal perception and environmental adaptability，and safety risk prevention and emergency response. Based on the 407th “Shuangqing Forum”，focusing on the philosophy of cross-domain collaboration and dynamic adaptation，this paper summarizes key research directions and urgent scientific problems for the low-altitude information system and safety control centered on the theory of the semantic cognitive decision-making loop. Future development suggestions are proposed to inspire in-depth research and breakthroughs in relevant basic theories，critical technologies，and practical applications.
Wu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.