Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is identified by the presence of dense calcified tissue without bone marrow, typically a lack of inflammatory cell infiltration, and having uncertain etiology. This condition is commonly present in the back part of the lower jaw, specifically near the first premolar or molar. It is generally asymptomatic and seldom requires treatment. Sometimes, identifying IO on panoramic radiography can be challenging. Fortunately, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a highly effective imaging technique in dentistry today. This advanced technique provides detailed information on the spatial relationship between lesions and adjacent dentition, facilitating the diagnosis of complex pathologies such as root resorption. Additionally, CBCT plays a crucial role in supporting differential diagnoses, enhancing the precision and accuracy of treatment planning in dental practice. Although IO can be observed across all age groups, with the highest incidence during the third decade of life, its prevalence decreases after the age of 40. In our case series study, a cohort of five patients aged 13–61 presenting with IO underwent examination utilizing CBCT imaging to assess the characteristics of the IO lesion, its precise location, and dimensions across various sectional views. Furthermore, the study assessed the potential risks associated with the IO, explored differential diagnoses, and subsequently proposed appropriate measures beneficial for the patients based on the gathered information.
Mohebiniya et al. (Thu,) studied this question.