Pernambuco leads the national ranking of hospitalizations due to mycoses, with 6, 837 cases recorded between 2013 and 2023, corresponding to 15. 9% of the total 42, 907 cases nationwide. The state, characterized by tropical climatic conditions and socioeconomic disparities, faces persistent challenges in controlling these infections, which significantly impact public health and hospital costs. This ecological study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for mycoses in the state, analyzing temporal trends, demographic characteristics, and healthcare indicators, with emphasis on the need for targeted strategies for prevention and clinical management. A descriptive study based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), referring to approved Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIH) in Pernambuco from 2013 to 2023. Variables analyzed included number of hospitalizations, sex, race/color, age group, length of hospital stay, deaths, mortality rate, and hospital costs. Data were tabulated and interpreted considering the epidemiological and operational context of the state. During the study period, 6, 613 hospitalizations for mycoses were recorded, with peaks in 2013 (1, 565 cases), 2017 (1, 109), and 2018 (1, 214), and a marked decrease in 2020 (201 cases), possibly associated with underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex distribution was balanced (51. 7% male; 48. 3% female). Regarding race/color, most cases occurred among individuals self-identified as mixed race (26. 9%; 1, 780 cases) and White (10. 4%; 687 cases), although 61. 6% (4, 076) of records lacked this information. In terms of age group, adults aged 20–59 years accounted for 54. 2% of cases, with the highest proportions among those aged 20–29 years (14. 3%) and 30–39 years (13. 6%). The mean mortality rate was 5. 5%, ranging from 1. 89% (2017–2018) to 11. 94% (2020). The total cost of hospital admissions was R 6, 167, 494. 66, with a mean cost of R 1, 189. 42 per patient. The average length of hospital stay was 7. 3 days, totaling 44, 305 hospitalization days. Pernambuco maintains a high burden of hospitalizations despite a downward trend in admissions for mycoses after 2018, reflecting shortcomings in primary prevention and data recording, particularly regarding race/color. The elevated mortality observed in years such as 2020 suggests system vulnerabilities and may be associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, along with a risk of underreporting in the national context.
Dantas et al. (Sun,) studied this question.