Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with cervical cancer and other anogenital diseases. Vaccination is an effective preventive strategy and is recommended for girls aged 9 to 14 years and boys in the same age group. However, coverage remains below the 80% target recommended by WHO. This study aims to analyze HPV vaccination coverage between 2014 and 2022 in a state in the North region of Brazil, identifying factors that influence adherence to the vaccination schedule. Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study based on secondary data extracted from DATASUS and IBGE. Vaccination coverage was calculated using the Pan American Health Organization formula, considering individuals who completed the two-dose schedule as immunized. The analysis included data for boys and girls aged 9 to 14 years, tabulated in Excel®. Between 2014 and 2022, more first doses than second doses were administered, especially among girls. Female coverage showed a progressive decline over the years, with a marked impact from the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Among boys, coverage was even lower in every year evaluated. No age group reached the 80% target. Barriers such as misinformation, vaccine hesitancy, logistical difficulties and limited access to health services were relevant factors. The data demonstrate insufficient HPV vaccination coverage, which compromises the effectiveness of immunization. Intersectoral strategies are needed, including educational actions, school-based vaccination, active case-finding and strengthening primary care. Tackling geographic inequalities and combating misinformation are essential to expand protection against HPV and its complications.
Miranda et al. (Sun,) studied this question.