Experimental research of a diesel engine driven in dual fuel mode with Acacia biodiesel

Abstract The present study examines the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine operating in dual-fuel mode using 100% Acacia biodiesel with hydrogen (H₂) induction at 5%, 10%, and 15% energy shares. Experiments were conducted at 1500 rpm under varying loads. Results show that H₂ enhances combustion by improving flame speed and mixture homogeneity. At 15% H₂ share, brake thermal efficiency increased by 13.04% and brake specific energy consumption decreased by 26.31%, while CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced. However, NOx emissions increased due to higher in-cylinder temperatures, indicating a trade-off between efficiency and NOx formation.