BCGitis in infants with acute leukemia is a rare complication that is likely associated with chemotherapy-induced immunodeficiency or immune reconstitution following chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or HSCT. While manifestations are typically localized, careful management is required to prevent further complications. This is particularly crucial for patients undergoing HSCT, where prophylactic antimycobacterial therapy may be considered in selected high-risk settings.
Lemeshev et al. (Sun,) studied this question.