Scaffold-based biomaterials are pivotal in augmenting bone, cartilage, and soft-tissue healings. Two primary strategies currently dominate the field: (1) prefabricated collagen matrices (off-the-shelf, standardized medical devices) and (2) customized 3D biofabricated scaffolds (patient-specific, additive-manufactured constructs potentially integrating cells and sensors). This review compares their mechanisms, manufacturing, regulatory pathways, and clinical evidence, while discussing the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in scaffold production.
Chayanin Angthong (Tue,) studied this question.