Highlights

Pharmacological Management of Agitation in Dementia: Evidence Synthesis and Expert Consensus Agitation remains one of the most challenging and resource-intensive neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, yet its pharmacological management continues to generate debate. This comprehensive review and expert consensus synthesize evidence up to mid-2025 together with real-world clinical experience in Taiwan. Consistent with contemporary treatment frameworks for the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum, the panel emphasizes that non-pharmacological strategies—including environmental modification, caregiver education, and identification of precipitating factors—should remain the cornerstone of agitation management.1 When medication becomes necessary, brexpiprazole currently offers the most favorable balance of efficacy and safety among available agents. In contrast, other antipsychotics, such as risperidone and aripiprazole, may provide symptomatic benefit but require careful monitoring because of cerebrovascular and extrapyramidal risks. Importantly, the consensus discourages routine long-term pharmacological use and highlights the need for individualized, safety-oriented decision-making within a broader, staged treatment approach for dementia. Together, these recommendations provide clinicians with pragmatic guidance for managing agitation while prioritizing patient safety and quality of care.2 2. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Tinnitus: From Migraine Biology to Central Sensitization This narrative review advances a compelling mechanistic framework linking tinnitus and migraine through shared processes of central sensitization, positioning calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) as a promising therapeutic target. By integrating insights from auditory neuroscience, trigeminal–auditory network interactions, and migraine pharmacology, the authors outline a biologically plausible rationale for exploring CGRP-modulating agents in selected tinnitus phenotypes. Consistent with contemporary headache research highlighting the central role of CGRP in trigeminal system sensitization,3 the review underscores substantial pathophysiological and epidemiological overlap between tinnitus and migraine, particularly in neural hyperexcitability and altered sensory processing. Although direct clinical evidence supporting CGRP-targeting treatments for tinnitus remains limited, this work provides an important hypothesis-generating perspective that may catalyze translational research and inform precision-medicine approaches for refractory tinnitus.4 3. Taiwan Practical Consensus on the Evaluation and Management of Small Bowel Bleeding This practical, Taiwan‑specific consensus addresses the persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of small bowel bleeding, a condition complicated by anatomical complexity and diverse etiologies. By incorporating recent advances in capsule endoscopy, device‑assisted enteroscopy, and medical therapies—together with regional epidemiology and expert clinical experience—the document provides an updated, practice‑oriented framework that extends beyond earlier international guidelines. The consensus outlines a structured, stepwise diagnostic pathway for suspected small bowel bleeding and emphasizes Small‑Bowel Capsule Endoscopy (SBCE) and Device‑Assisted Enteroscopy (DAE) as cornerstone evaluation tools. It further delineates evidence‑graded management strategies tailored to key clinical scenarios, including active overt bleeding, stable overt bleeding, and occult bleeding. Through its pragmatic recommendations, the consensus aims to enhance diagnostic yield, guide therapeutic decision‑making, and ultimately reduce recurrent bleeding and healthcare burden in this patient population.5 4. Dynamic Eligibility for Dapagliflozin Therapy in Acute HFpEF: Implications for Long-Term Management This longitudinal cohort study demonstrates that eligibility for dapagliflozin in patients hospitalized with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), as defined by the Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction (DELIVER) trial, is highly dynamic rather than fixed. Although nearly 80% of patients met eligibility criteria at discharge, more than 40% of initially ineligible patients became eligible within one year, largely driven by progressive left atrial enlargement. Eligibility status was associated with distinct clinical risk profiles, yet adjusted outcomes were comparable over follow-up. These findings underscore the importance of repeated post-discharge reassessment and support a flexible, patient-centered approach to implementing disease-modifying therapy in HFpEF.6 5. Quantitative MRI Markers Improve Preoperative Differentiation Between Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors and Low-Grade Astrocytomas Accurately distinguishing dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) from low‑grade astrocytomas (LGAs) remains a significant preoperative challenge, given their overlapping imaging characteristics but markedly different prognoses and management strategies. This study demonstrates that simple quantitative MRI parameters—particularly the T2‑weighted signal intensity ratio (T2SR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)—substantially outperform traditional qualitative assessments. A combined quantitative model incorporating both T2SR and ADC achieved excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.905), offering a practical and reproducible tool for routine clinical use. The analysis further identifies key imaging differentiators, including consistently higher T2SR and ADC values in DNETs, and highlights the clinical relevance of the FLAIR ring sign, which appeared more frequently in DNETs (53.3%) than in LGAs (30.0%). These findings underscore the value of integrating quantitative MRI markers into standard neuro‑oncologic evaluation to enhance diagnostic confidence, guide surgical planning, and reduce the risk of overtreatment.7 6. A Rapid, Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Gastric Adenocarcinoma for Translational Cancer Research The absence of realistic, immunocompetent animal models has long hindered progress in gastric adenocarcinoma research. This study presents a tamoxifen‑inducible, genetically engineered mouse model (Anxa10‑CreERT2) that develops spontaneous gastric adenocarcinoma with 100% incidence within 2.5 months, faithfully mirroring the molecular and histopathological features of human disease. Its translational utility is further strengthened by the establishment of a transplantable allograft model and a stable cancer cell line (ST‑YC19), which exhibits aggressive behavior, including peritoneal dissemination and resistance to selected immunotherapies. Notably, the model shows limited responsiveness to anti‑PD‑1 treatment, offering a powerful platform for dissecting mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance and accelerating preclinical drug development in gastric cancer. Together, these advances provide a robust and versatile system for studying tumor biology, therapeutic vulnerabilities, and disease progression in an immunocompetent setting.8