What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop the M-IFRAT to effectively identify fall risk among older adults in Indonesia.

March 25, 2026Journal of UOEH0 citationsOpen Access

Implementation of M-IFRAT (Modified Indonesian Fall Risk Assessment Tools) to Predict Fall Risk for Indonesian Older Adults

ISIndri Hapsari Susilowati SNSusiana Nugraha SSABARINAH

Key Points

The aim is to develop the M-IFRAT to effectively identify fall risk among older adults in Indonesia.
214 functionally independent older adults aged over 60 years were involved.
The M-IFRAT was adapted from existing fall risk assessment tools.
Factors such as medical history, depression, and functional capacity were included.
Validity was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
Predictive performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis.
83.18% of participants were identified as at risk of falling.
Majority were aged 60-69 years (61.21%).
AUC of the M-IFRAT was 77%, indicating strong predictive power.
Sensitivity of the tool was 69% and specificity was 70.8%.

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is projected to become a super-aging society by 2045, with the elderly population reaching approximately 20%.This demographic shift increases the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and fall-related injuries, which primarily occur in the home environment.Falls are preventable events but often lead to a loss of independence and decreased the quality of life.This study aimed to develop the Modified Indonesia Fall Risk Assessment Tool (M-IFRAT) to effectively detect fall risk among Indonesian older adults.Methods: This study involved 214 functionally independent older adults aged over 60 years in Jakarta, Bandung and Yogyakarta.The M-IFRAT was developed by adapting components from JHFRAT and STEADI (Jannah, Nursalam, & Kristiawati, 2025), incorporating factors such as medical history, depression, and functional capacity.Validity and performance were assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: Univariate analysis showed that 83.18% of participants were at risk of falling (M-IFRAT >=11).The majority were aged 60-69 years (61.21%),female (80.84%), and urban residents (96.26%0.The M-IFRAT demonstrated strong predictive power with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 77%, a sensitivity of 69%, and specificity of 70.8%. Conclusion:The M-IFRAT is a reliable and valid tool for identifying fall risk.Prevention intervention must be provided comprehensively to both frail and physically active elderly individuals.

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