Flowchart vs. Checklist: Which Is More Effective in Hospital Emergency Response?

Introduction: Flowcharts and checklists are frequently used by hospitals as reference tools during disaster responses. However, there is a lack of research comparing their effectiveness in aiding responders. This study aims to evaluate whether flowcharts or checklists provide better support to personnel during hospital emergencies. Methods: The study involved 24 fire drills in a hospital ward, with groups of 6–7 participants responding to a simulated fire. The participants were divided into six groups. Three groups used flowcharts (F groups), and three used checklists (C groups). Each type of group was further subdivided: F1 and C1 received only the tool (flowchart or checklist) without explanation; F2 and C2 received the tool along with an explanation of how to use it; F3 and C3 were assigned a designated person responsible for using the tool. Performance was assessed in three areas: fire response, medical response, and participant evaluation. Fire and medical response were each evaluated on nine specific tasks, scored from 0 (not completed) to 2 (fully completed). Participant feedback was measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The differences among the groups were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Fire response scores ranged from 1.00 to 1.31, and medical response scores ranged from 1.06 to 1.31. There were no significant differences in fire (P=0.09) or medical (P=0.83) response scores among the six groups. However, participant evaluations showed significant differences between F1 and F2 groups (P=0.04), with overall ratings ranging from 4.33 to 4.95. Conclusion: The study found no significant difference in fire or medical response performance between flowchart and checklist users. However, providing explanations improved participant satisfaction with flowcharts. Both tools can effectively aid disaster response personnel.