Fish farming often experiences sudden outbreaks of bacterial pathogens that have significant negative effects on productivity and economics. Edwardsiella tarda is currently a significant aquaculture health concern that needs to be addressed with enhanced control and management strategies, as it affects both fresh- and saltwater fish, and can occasionally affect humans. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of Edwardsiellosis, specifically caused by E. tarda , on tilapia farming. The review analysed the effects of disease outbreaks and their economic impacts on the industry, examining emerging methods of control and management, including preventative measures and innovative solutions, to encourage the adoption of comprehensive strategies that enhance the sustainability of aquaculture. Numerous studies have focused on the clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of E. tarda infection in aquaculture over the years. Edwardsiellosis poses a major challenge for tilapia farming, particularly in regions such as Brazil, necessitating an integrated management approach based on prevention, sustainability, and collaboration among producers, researchers, and regulatory authorities. The economic impact of Edwardsiellosis on fish farming in Brazil and globally underscores the importance of implementing comprehensive control measures to safeguard the long-term viability of the sector. Prevention efforts primarily focus on management practices, but ongoing research is investigating alternative treatments such as vaccines, phytobiotics, and probiotics. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these alternatives in managing and treating Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture production environments, as well as their economic viability for widespread industrial application. Combining early surveillance, biosecurity, nutritional interventions, and sustainable therapies can help reduce disease outbreaks and reliance on antibiotics. Wider adoption requires validation under commercial conditions, standardised protocols, and supportive policies. Coordinated efforts are crucial to ensure sanitary effectiveness, economic viability, and the sustainable development of aquaculture. Given current global research trends, future approaches to addressing Edwardsiellosis should involve integrating natural feed additives with effective management practices to improve fish health, especially in regions where environmental conditions increase disease susceptibility.
Batista et al. (Sun,) studied this question.