This paper addresses the challenge of managing projects in VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous) environments, where traditional categorization and classification systems often fall short. The study explores current practices through a survey of 87 project management professionals and a focus group of four experts. Results reveal widespread confusion between categorization and classification, inconsistent application, and dissatisfaction with existing frameworks. In response, the paper proposes a comprehensive model integrating 13 classification dimensions and four major categorization domains, aimed at enhancing adaptability, strategic alignment, and decision-making in complex contexts. The framework considers factors such as project duration, complexity, risk, customer involvement, strategic goals, and location. Feedback from the focus group endorsed the model’s clarity and practical relevance. This contribution offers actionable guidance for project managers facing uncertainty and complexity, while acknowledging the need for further validation with larger, more representative samples.
Cunha et al. (Thu,) studied this question.