What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the CSF protein profile associated with neuroaxonal damage in early active multiple sclerosis.

March 28, 2026Open Access

CSF Proteins Associated With Neuroaxonal Damage in Early Active Multiple Sclerosis

FLFelix Luessi CCChiara Starvaggi Cucuzza SESinah EngelJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Key Points

To investigate the CSF protein profile associated with neuroaxonal damage in early active multiple sclerosis.
Analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profiles
Identified robust proinflammatory markers
Replicated findings among multiple cohorts
Six proinflammatory markers were identified and replicated: CCL19, CXCL11, MSR1, CXCL10, TNFRSF12A, and CCL23.
Each marker was independently relevant to the context of multiple sclerosis.
Findings indicate distinct inflammatory processes linked to ongoing neuroaxonal degeneration.

Abstract

The identified and replicated CSF protein profile indicates distinct inflammatory processes associated with ongoing neuroaxonal degeneration. All of these most robust 6 proinflammatory markers-CCL19, CXCL11, MSR1, CXCL10, TNFRSF12A, and CCL23-independently replicated and were individually observed to be relevant in the context of MS. These findings may further elucidate the immunologic pathways underlying disease processes leading to neuroaxonal degeneration.

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