Trim and Triumph (TNT) challenge: a workplace intervention on body composition, metabolic, and psychological health in overweight and obese office workers

Background: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults underscores the urgent need to identify contributing factors and implement effective prevention strategies. This doctoral study aimed to examine sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of overweight and obesity, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the 12-week Trim and Triumph (TNT) Challenge among overweight and obese office workers. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 308 Malaysian adults aged 18–67 years was conducted using online questionnaires, including sociodemographic information, self-reported BMI, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Additionally, a 12-week intervention was carried out among 40 office workers (mean age 35.38 ± 5.58 years; BMI 32.56 ± 5.91 kg/m²). The TNT Challenge comprised structured workouts, dietary guidance, fitness assessments, and health education. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included body composition, dietary intake, metabolic markers, hunger-related hormones, and psychological measures. Focus group discussions explored 28 participants’ perceptions and experiences. Pared t-test were analysed using SPSS version 29.0.1.1. While. Thematic data was further analysed using NVivo. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the cross-sectional sample was 38% and 26.9%, respectively. Full-time employment (p < 0.01) and poor sleep quality (p < 0.05) significantly increased the odds of being overweight or obese, while men had lower odds (p < 0.001). Following the TNT Challenge, significant improvements were observed in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). Increases in PYY, ghrelin, healthier dietary intake patterns, reduced stress, improved sleep quality, and enhanced quality of life were also recorded. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores improved significantly. Qualitative findings revealed key themes related to motivation, expectations, challenges, support systems, and strategies for sustaining healthy behaviours. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the high burden of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults and highlights the effectiveness of a holistic workplace intervention in improving physical health, psychological well-being, and lifestyle behaviours.