ABSTRACT- Observation is foundational to all empirical science, yet its physical structure is rarely treatedas a unified process across disciplines. In practice, observation does not provide direct accessto physical configurations or states; it registers detector responses produced by interactionsbetween systems and measuring apparatus. This paper formalizes observation as interactionlimited inference, showing that detectability depends on interaction channels, coupling strengths,timescales, and coarse graining. Using established examples from physics, chemistry, and materials science, we demonstrate that observational silence is a structural consequence of measurement constraints rather than evidence of physical absence. No new physical laws or entities areproposed. Instead, the work clarifies assumptions already implicit in experimental practice andprovides a unified conceptual framework for interpreting observation across scientific domains.
SANTOSH SHIRSATH (Thu,) studied this question.