Elimination of acquired defects in the walls of the maxillary sinuses with zirconium dioxide implants

Post-traumatic injuries of the maxilla, accompanied by destruction of the walls of the paranasal sinuses, occupy the second place after damage to the nasal bones, which proves the relevance of numerous studies aimed at developing biocompatible plastic materials for bone defects closure. The creation of innovative surfaces of endoprostheses in a reactive medium is based on both the use of alloys of various metals and absence of application of metals, in particular, from zirconium dioxide. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a developed zirconium dioxide implant use in patients with acquired defects in the walls of the maxillary sinuses. Patients and methods. The study included 27 patients with acquired defects in the walls of the maxillary sinuses, which were corrected with zirconium dioxide implants. In the course of surgical intervention aimed at eliminating defects of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, intraoral approach was used (13 patients). In defects up to 10 mm in diameter, the implant was fixed with fibrin adhesive along the edges of the bone defect. For defects greater than 10 mm, the implant was fixed with surgical sutures (polysorb, biosyn, vicryl 4.0). Plasty of the superior wall of the maxillary sinus bone defect in 14 patients was performed through subciliary (9 cases) or transconjunctival approaches (5 cases), implants were adapted along the edges of the defect and fixed with sutures or fibrin adhesive. Results. Positive anatomical result has been observed in 26 out of 27 patients in the immediate (1 month) and long-term (1 year) postoperative periods of patients. In one case of prosthesis of the superior wall of the maxillary sinus, partial migration of the implant to the sinus lumen has been observed, which was caused by insufficient covering of the bone defect edges by endoprosthesis and partial lysis of the bone framework. Conclusion. The use of standard and individually manufactured zirconium dioxide implants is a key for the successful restoration of destroyed anatomical structures, allows to fully restore bone structures and achieve a small number (up to 2.9%) of complications.