Too Wet, Too Dry? Influence of Water Contamination and Overdrying on the Bond Strength of a Universal Adhesive to Dentin.

Key Points

• This research examines how water contamination and overdrying affect the bond strength of adhesives to dentin.
• Tested universal adhesive under different application modes
• Evaluated bond strength and contact angle on dentin surfaces
• Compared effects of water contamination and overdrying
• Bond strength significantly varied with adhesive application mode
• Water contamination influenced contact angle specifically in etch&rinsed mode