Effects of natural disasters on the cognitive state of older adults with dementia: a scoping review

To review the effects of natural disasters on older adults with dementia or cognitive decline. Natural disasters negatively impact memory, thermal awareness, and exacerbate psychological and behavioural symptoms, indicating accelerated cognitive decline. Caregiver training and maintaining community ties after evacuation are critical for mitigating these effects. Older adults with dementia are highly vulnerable during natural disasters, and effective disaster planning must prioritize caregiver preparedness and social support. Natural disasters are disruptive events that can significantly affect the quality of life of older adults with dementia. The aim of this study is to review the effects of natural disasters on the cognitive capabilities of older adults with dementia. A scoping review methodology has been conducted to identify and summarize relevant literature on effects of natural disasters on the cognitive state of older adults with dementia or any other kind of cognitive impairment. 28 studies were detected, and the majority of the studies came from Japan, Australia, and the USA. The studies revealed that natural disasters negatively impact the memory and thermal awareness of older adults with dementia. It can also intensify their psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia, which indicate worsening of their cognitive decline. It is clear that the challenge posed by high temperatures requires careful consideration. Trained caregivers can effectively evacuate older adults with dementia, preventing the exacerbation of these symptoms. After evacuation, maintaining community connections and being socially active can aid in safeguarding older adults with dementia. Disaster response plans should, therefore, include strategies to preserve community ties. Caregivers play an important role in protecting older adults with dementia while facing natural disasters. Training is recommended to increase their disaster management skills. The growing population of older adults with dementia faces heightened vulnerability during natural disasters, which can exacerbate cognitive decline and psychological symptoms. Community support and well-trained caregivers are essential to ensure their safety and well-being in crisis situations.