Prospective untreated outcomes in patients with cerebral cavernous malformation

Key Points

• Evaluate the long-term outcomes of untreated patients with cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) after hemorrhage.
• Followed patients with cerebral cavernous malformation over ten years
• Assessed disability levels at multiple time points
• Analyzed the impact of hemorrhage frequency and brain location on disability
• Most patients showed improvement after the first hemorrhage, particularly in the first year
• Disability worsened with each subsequent hemorrhage
• Higher disability risks were linked to multiple hemorrhages, brainstem location, and psychiatric diagnoses
• Ten-year risk of disability was less than 8% for non-brainstem CCM locations