Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a precursor lesion to cervical cancer and remains a significant public health concern worldwide. Early detection through effective screening strategies is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Conventional cytology (Pap smear), human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and colposcopy are widely used diagnostic tools, each with distinct advantages and limitations.
O'rinbayeva et al. (Sun,) studied this question.