Diuretics: An Overview of Their Evolution and Role in the Management of Hypertension

Diuretics are among the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice and the majority act by reducing sodium and chloride reabsorption at different sites in the nephron. Thiazide diuretics have been around for more than half a century and still to this day remain amongst the first –line medications for the therapy of hypertension. They are effective both as monotherapy and enhance the efficacy of other anti-hypertensive classes when used in combination. This review focuses on the historical evolution of diuretics and their place in the treatment of hypertension today including in patients with chronic kidney disease.