What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the relationship between age at menarche and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels among women of childbearing age in China.

April 1, 2026Journal of Ovarian Research0 citationsOpen Access

Age at menarche and age-adjusted anti-Müllerian hormone level among women of childbearing age in China

YLYanru Lou TTTian Tian WGW. Guo

Key Points

To investigate the relationship between age at menarche and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels among women of childbearing age in China.
Nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted in 15 provinces of China.
Utilized multistage stratified sampling to ensure sample representativeness.
Sample comprised 8,278 women aged 21–49 years with self-reported age at menarche.
Mean age at menarche was 13.74 years, with a declining trend observed across age groups.
For every year increase in age at menarche, AMH levels increase by 0.04 ng/ml.
Women with age at menarche < 14 years had lower AMH levels compared to those with age at menarche ≥ 14 years, particularly notable in underweight and normal BMI groups.

Abstract

Trends toward earlier age at menarche, the starting point in women’s reproductive lifespan, have been observed globally. Whether an earlier age at menarche influences Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a clinical indicator of ovarian reserve, remains unclear due to a lack of community-based data. This nationwide cross-sectional survey was carried out in China’s 15 provinces from May 2019 to April 2021, utilizing a multistage stratified sampling method to ensure sample representativeness and containing a total of 8 278 women aged 21–49 years. Self-reported age at menarche acts as exposure. Participants were categorized as age at menarche 4.0 µIU/ml. Our results support the opinion that women with early age at menarche in a community-based population have lower AMH level. Periodic AMH monitoring are necessary in children/adolescents with an early age at menarche. For individuals with early age at menarche, they should consider the optimal timing for childbearing.

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