What question did this study set out to answer?

The audit aims to examine the SPARC galaxies categorized as MOND-favored and to identify residual pathologies.

April 1, 2026Open Access

ACM Forensic Audit of MOND-Favored Galaxies: Residual Pathologies in the SPARC Sample

Key Points

The audit aims to examine the SPARC galaxies categorized as MOND-favored and to identify residual pathologies.
Conducted an audit of 164 SPARC galaxies
Separated findings into Geometry Hostages and Stellar Hostages
Analyzed the impact of distance stress and normalization on interpretations
Identified three residual categories affecting MOND-favored interpretations
Demonstrated that the MOND regime lacks coherence as a physical explanation
Shifted focus from visual curve-fitting to a more robust audit evaluation

Abstract

This is Paper II of the ACM (Asymmetric Collapse Model) series. We carry out a full-sample forensic audit of 164 SPARC galaxies and show that the regime commonly regarded as MOND-favored is not a coherent physical stronghold. Instead, it decomposes into three residual categories produced by observational and normalization fragilities: Geometry Hostages, Stellar Hostages, and the hard31 low-structure cases. With these residual mechanisms explicitly separated, the debate is no longer about which smooth curve appears visually persuasive, but about which interpretation survives distance stress, stellar mass normalization, and structural scrutiny. In this sense, Paper II relocates the center of gravity from curve-fitting to audit discipline. Project ecosystem: Interactive Audit Interface: https://lesleyliuhaitao-ctrl.github.io/galaxy-audit-system/ Source Code (GitHub): https://github.com/lesleyliuhaitao-ctrl/galaxy-audit-system.git Real-time Updates (Bluesky): https://bsky.app/profile/zero-compensation.bsky.social Contact & Correspondence: lesleyliuhaitao@hotmail.com

ACM Forensic Audit of MOND-Favored Galaxies: Residual Pathologies in the SPARC Sample

Key Points

Abstract

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