With the increasing popularity of battery energy storage technology, safety issues have become increasingly important. The battery management system (BMS) is a key device for ensuring the safety of lithium-ion battery systems. While the BMS can effectively prevent faults such as external overheating, overload, or deep discharge, it cannot completely eliminate the possibility of internal short-circuit (ISC) faults—these faults may be caused by multiple factors, such as manufacturing defects. Therefore, reliable ISC detection or mitigation strategies need to be designed within the BMS to reduce the consequences of such faults. This study focuses on the critical role of the BMS in responding to thermal runaway (TR) and thermal propagation (TP) events caused by ISC faults and proposes an active energy-dissipation BMS control strategy. This strategy is compared with existing battery current interrupt device (CID) protection and threshold-type BMS protection schemes. A coupled electro-thermal simulation model was constructed based on thermal runaway test data of 280 Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the proposed strategy was verified within this model. The proposed strategy can effectively suppress thermal propagation and thermal runaway in battery energy storage systems, providing a reference for the safety of battery energy storage systems (BESS).
Li et al. (Mon,) studied this question.