These findings show that nebivolol reinvigorates CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following repeated activation, restoring their cytotoxic function against breast cancer cells in vitro. The immunomodulatory activity of Nebivolol is independent of β1-AR and mediated through β2-AR, suggesting that biased β₂-AR signaling may represent a potential strategy for modulating T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment.
Hajiaghayi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.