This review aims to advocate for a paradigm shift in herbal safety by proposing a cohesive molecular framework that integrates advanced “omics” technologies with artificial intelligence (AI) to address the clinical challenges of herb-induced liver injury (HILI). Traditional herbal medicine constitutes a substantial, yet often unregulated, component of global healthcare, driving high patient exposure alongside a significant and escalating clinical burden of HILI. Current pharmacovigilance systems are critically undermined by fundamental deficits, including severe underreporting, unknown population denominators, and pervasive product quality failures. Furthermore, the complexity of multi-ingredient formulations and the frequency of herb-drug interactions complicate causality assessment, particularly for high-risk drugs. To bridge the gap between empirical practice and contemporary safety standards, this integrated “omics”-AI paradigm transforms herbal safety from a reactive, population-level assessment into an evidence-based, personalized system. By enabling precise risk mitigation, this approach establishes a scientifically rigorous foundation for the future of integrative liver health. In conclusion, the synergy of molecular profiling and computational intelligence provides the necessary tools to modernize herbal pharmacovigilance, ensuring that traditional wisdom is effectively harmonized with modern technological standards for enhanced patient safety.
Anuradha Singh (Sat,) studied this question.